Levendary Café Essays

Levendary Cafà © Essays Levendary Cafà © Paper Levendary Cafà © Paper Levendary cafe is a US-based fast food chain. Mia Foster is a CEO of Levendary cafe, who does not have international management experience. The Levendary cafe have their own concept and approach (delighting the customers) to obtain the US market. However, with the depression of domestic market, Levendary eyes the Chinese market to expansion. After one year of its expansion into the Chinese market, the staff has become concerned that company’s major problem of moving too far from the concept of Levendary store design and local menu, which is detrimental to build a positive brand image in China. There was a lack of strategic plan and inconsistency, Furthermore, different reporting and internal management structure is another problem CEO faced. Headquarter Managers including CEO and CFO want to solve the problem by changing the Chinese store design and menu, and hiring international financial analyst even though the financial report that is provided by Peter Steele(CFO) shows that Louis Chen (president of Levendary China) provided great achievements. Therefore, this proposal will give some strategies to deal with the problems of core concept, reporting and company structure that similar company will face, and will analyze these commercial problems with some theories. Recommendation and benefits There are several recommendations, which could be implemented for cross collaboration management and effective decision-making. 1. Strengthening research and cultural intelligence of the foreign markets 2. Establishing shared goals and documentation . Adjusting the organizational structure and management team Firstly, building cultural intelligence appears to be an ideal method to address the issues of different cultural backgrounds in the service-oriented business context. It not only helps to understand how people from different countries interact with stakeholders such as government agencies, partners, rivals and customers, but also how these cultural values affect customers purchasing decisions and their satisfactions. Tian, R Wang, C 2010) For instance, launching the business in China should have an in-depth knowledge about the importance of the personal relationship, called Guanxi, protecting the reputations and bureaucratic systems (Qin, C Zhang, C 2015). This would also result in positive effects in terms of adopting the restaurant concepts, involving the brand images, marketing programs, location choices, controlling cost structure and management styles as well. Second, understanding mutual goals can play a pivotal role in service-oriented businesses in overseas market by working with partners and managing a geographically dispersed team. This could overcome the miscommunication raised by the different language, conflicts, and cultural noises. To establish a common goal with partners, there are clear documentations for key performance indicators (KPI) and reporting systems. In order to compete for lower margin restaurant businesses, quick reaction based on the performance should help to keep the market share in China. Third, establishing a new functional department in China appears to be an ideal strategy to address the issue of decision-making. Such department should involve independent marketing, food development and operating functions, which may reduce the problem of the hierarchy of parent companies. Furthermore, this new department should build the team members by the experienced headquarters workers and new local workers. For this recommendation to be effective, this department should able to create decision-making protocols and assigning responsibilities. These would also result in positive effects in terms of commercial reasons, It can be seen that in Chinese revenue per customer is relatively lower than the US market. Increasing sales volume and saving the fixed costs appears to be an ideal strategy to address this issues based on the case study. Understanding of ethnic culture and business environment can help to encourage sales revenues in quick casual segments. Furthermore, creating shared goals and documentation could possibly minimize the administration costs and prevent the sunk cost related to marketing and pre-opening expenses. Establishing independent department should promote effective strategic decision making associated with brand images, exterior and interior design, which lead to increase in market shares and reputation of its business. Analysis When first entering new markets, MNEs may face a problem that corporate culture may clash with the local culture. This clash may result from various factors such as culture differences, and different wage levels, etc. In order to minimize clash, it is significant for MNEs to conduct market research and build cultural intelligence. According to Meyer (2015), the adaptation of a company’s culture often plays a key role in company’s success, and how corporate culture maintains depends on their products or competitors. Moreover, if employees fully adapt to corporate core culture, it may be difficult for them to deal with domestic suppliers and partners. In Levendary cafe’s case, Levendary cafe US is very proud of its tasty and high-quality foods as well as its restaurant designs. However, it is challenging for Levendary cafe’ to accepted by Chinese customers due to culture and wage levels difference. If Chinese branch VP Chen maintains all of foods and design from Levendary in the USA, he may fail in China because Chinese customers have different tastes and consumer views from Americans. Therefore, MNEs should focus on adapting their corporate cultures to domestic cultures carefully when they are entering new markets. Cultural variables affect the Cross-Communication process and Decision making the process by influencing a person’s perception or attitude, organizations, and their past versus future orientation. Therefore, understanding Hofstede’s and Trompenar’s cultural value dimensions of the host countries would help the headquarters manage across borders without culture shock In the Communication process, these cultural variables cause cultural noise, which means misinterpretation of the message from a sender to receiver or anything that undermines the communication of the intended meaning. Ethnocentric attitude is one of the sources of noise in cross culture communication (Deresky, 2017) In the Levendary cafe case study, Foster insisted hiring a financial analyst to manage China audit team and Chen refused to cooperate. In addition, when Foster raised concerns about Levendary’s reputation and image, Chen felt his hard work and efforts were not being appreciated. To avoid cultural noise, Foster should develop cultural sensitivity, show empathy, and have face- face communication Besides cultural differences, the headquarters should comply with the local law and government regulations regarding taxes and accounting system of the subsidiary country, which doesn’t apply to the US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Therefore, to standardize the reporting structures and other financial procedures, a new division in the company with global team members should be created, specifically to oversee all the operations of the US controlled foreign subsidiaries, and henceforth streamline the communication between them, and evaluate the operation performances and strategy implementations in monthly or quarterly periods. Due to the lack of international management and expanding experience, Levendary cafe needs to recruit more local or foreign employees to build a new department for China market, because China is a potential market with its growing GDP. Furthermore, for improving the effectiveness of communication and increasing the efficiency, the headquarter could provide a separate path for Chinese managers to directly report to headquarter. Other established players like KFC, McDonalds are more standardized and successful in Asia though they haven’t made many changes to menus, Deny’s in Japan changed the entire menu catering towards local taste preferences but the levendary cafe in China changed both the menu and the look and feel of it depending on the location. Therefore, â€Å"Thinking Local and Acting Global† is a successful and mature strategy for quick service restaurant chain to develop foreign markets.

At School I Have Been Bullied by a Teacher

At School I Have Been Bullied by a Teacher Hashtag: #EnElColegioTengo (At school I have) Why Some Teachers Crossed the Line? A 14-year old girl in her second year of high school was yelled at, humiliated, and sent out of the room by her well-experienced male science teacher for simply asking stupid questions. Teachers who bullied their students, according to study, were mostly new teachers overwhelmed by frustrations or tenured teachers who were very set in their ways and unwilling to change their traditional coercive teaching practices. A few instances of accidental coercive reaction due to lack of experience and frustrating students’ behavior may be acceptable for new teachers but the bullying male science teacher is a veteran teacher. One explanation is the fact bullying behavior is rooted in personal values, ingrained, and consistent with the way a person understands the world. Since the behavior of tenured teachers served them well in the past and in fact earned them their current position and authority, they see themselves as superior, arrogant and unsympathetic towards â€Å"inferior† students. Study of bullying teachers shows that regardless of frustration or student’s positive behavior, teachers who are more senior, tenured, and experienced teachers routinely practiced bullying behavior. These include habitual utterance of offensive or suggestive language, derogatory or degrading remarks, get involved in coercive sexual behavior, racist and sexist comments, embarrassing, threatening, and intimidating remarks. Moreover, regardless of their position and authority, they engaged in spreading false rumors in an attempt to discredit and socially isolate an individual. Is There a Cure for Teacher’s Bullying Behavior? Connecting with students in both personal and professional manner is often very challenging. The study shows that teachers who cannot control a student displaying negative behavior in class often engage in power struggle until they become frustrated and respond with bullying. For this reason, it may be helpful for teachers to avoid engaging in the power struggle with aggressive or irritating students. Some of the recommended strategies to avoid power struggle is to build a positive relationship with students through caring concern, constructive feedback, and respect. For example, teachers communicating respectfully, paying attention to students concern, acknowledging those with positive behaviors, working with each student to address behavioral problems is unlikely to get negative responses from students. In contrast, those who used force and engaging in the power struggle, make a public scene of a student’s negative behavior, and taking it too personal often form the negative relationship, increased the potential for burnout, frustration, and bullying behavior. The above recommendations are clearly not inapplicable to â€Å"superior† tenured teachers who in a way value their deeply rooted unethical teaching practices. Since the principal in practice avoids dismissing these senior bullies, some of them were reassigned to non-teaching positions where cannot harm students. Other less senior bullies, probably those with potential for change, were sent to some sort of anti-bullying programs aimed at changing their culture, attitudes, feelings, and behavior. In preventing tenured teachers’ bullying, some programs encourage teaching and non-teaching staff to report a teacher bullying a student. Others conducted a student empowerment session aimed at balancing the power inside the classroom. This program in practice promotes awareness of bullying behaviors and their consequences and eventually developed respect between both parties.

Monetary and fiscal policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Monetary and fiscal policy - Essay Example Through tax cuts, my firm will save very many jobs that previously would have been lost. When utilized, tax cuts save many jobs and this in return helps in saving the economy from taking major shots. Because a firm like mine is not a popular decision at the time tax cuts were available, when the distribution of tax cuts are fair to deserving companies, history proves that they end up being the best (Shiller, 2008). I am sure on this one and I have to admit. Yes, tax cuts have effects with the major one being saving jobs. But the question that keeps coming on my mind is do such firms like mine get fat checks with only those in high ranks getting rich while the person with a low rank in the food chain continues to struggle. This makes me think that the government should take time and look at the financials of companies it plans to bail out for the purposes of looking and seeing whether it might cut the fat. This does not seem to have an impact and effect but as an owner of my firm, I k now well the effects that imposing tax cuts on all household goods can have. This in short is bailing a company out and the effects start from within where employees can even get an increase in pay (Shiller, 2008). 2 In the past few years, the government has had an important role in "bailing out" certain industries. This is a type of government spending. This government bailout affected my firm directly since the promises that the codes give are to uphold the regulations of businesses, to act with transparent facts, without malice, and with reasonable care that will suffer from any pressure coming from third parties. Business freedom demonstrated to the second party auditors that are independent is what the corporation cherishes (Shiller, 2008). Unless dully authorized, the bailout codes of ethics bring the employees tight together to maintain the corporation’s confidentiality, which is vital. Another promise is ensuring all employees have exceptional quality communication fl ow and regularly to update the government on any financial matter that comes up in the business. It adheres to everything it says and follows it to the letter.In the recent past, economists do not have trust in government bailouts in terms of the nation’s well being. They have been proposing for alternative measures like the profits giving reasons why bailouts are not good enough. Below are their outlined reasons (Shiller, 2008). A bailout leaves out many goods by only counting money transactions. There are many disregarded important parts of the economy. For example, most household tasks like caring for the children and the elderly, cleaning and general home maintenance, preparation of food and voluntary services do not get into account. During the calculations, bailouts zero rates all these activities assuming they do contribute anything to the economy. This alone contributes a lot to distorted policies of the public. In cases where family act gets criticism of bailouts red uction, the denigrations are baseless because it does not reflect the increments in many economies of the household initiated by the act (Shiller, 2008). A bailout takes care of all dealings as positive. Government bailouts

Acid rain Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Acid rain - Assignment Example Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which are dangerous gases produced through burning fossil fuels undergo intricate chemical reactions when they come into contact with water to cause acid rain.4 Adopting the use of low-carbon or even zero-carbon energy sources such as solar will therefore help prevent acid rain in future. Innovations have also contributed to an increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere which transforms into acid rain. For instance, Casper asserts that motor vehicles are some of the largest contributors of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.5 In this respect therefore, future developments in creation of motor vehicles and other motorized engines that produce less carbon dioxide will help eradicate acid rain. For instance, Casper notes that major universities in the U.S. and Canada started experimenting with solar powered motor vehicles as early as 2005.6 In a nutshell, prevention of acid rain in future will result from people adopting or embracing activities and processes that result to minimal discharge of carbon dioxide into the

Race Colors Judgement Essay Example for Free

Race Colors Judgement Essay The criminal justice system in the United States is one of the many places that I believe stereotypes are formed. For example, African-Americans make up only 13% of the U. S. population but represent 46% of the inmate population who have received sentences of more than one year (Hart, 2006, p. 1). Another example of a racial disparity can be seen the percentage of African-Americans who are drug users (14%) and those sentenced for drug offenses (53%) (Sentencing Project, 2009 p. 3). More African-American men are in prison or jail, on probation or parole then were enslaved in 1850, before the Civil War began,† (Alexander, 2010). However, this is not just a problem within the African-American community. More than 60% of the people in prison are now racial and ethnic minorities and three-fourths of all persons in prison for drug offenses are people of color (www. sentencingproject. org). The Bureau of Justice Statistics shows, that the likelihood for an African-American or Hispanic to be imprisoned is, 18. % for African-Americans and 10% for Hispanics, while the likelihood for Whites is 3. 4% (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2005). Brennan and Spohn (2009) showed in their study, â€Å"The Joint Effects of Offender Race/Ethnicity and Sex on Sentence Length Decisions in Federal Courts†, that African-American males received a significantly longer sentence (93 months) than White males (86. 2 months) (Brennan Spohn, 2009). These are just some of the numbers, which cannot be ignored. An important question to ask; why are these racial disparities happening? In the study â€Å"White juror bias: An investigation of racial prejudice against Black defendants in the American courtroom†, Sommers Ellsworth (2001) have a quote, which, I think, sums up the reasoning for studying race and its effect on juries, it came from one of my favorite movies: â€Å"In our courts, when it is a white man’s word against a black man’s, the white man always wins. They’re ugly, but those are the facts of life†¦The one place where man ought to get a square deal is a courtroom, be he any color of the rainbow, but people have a way of carrying their resentments right into the jury box† (From To Kill a Mockingbird, Lee, 1960, p. 20). The thinking by many social psychologists is â€Å"Racism still exists in our society today but is no longer endorsed by explicit racist beliefs or overt acts of prejudice† (Sommers Ellsworth, 2003). Instead it’s a â€Å"Subtle, implicit, or aversive form of racism† (Sommers Ellsworth, 2003). Whites in our society are taught to embrace egalitarianism (equality) and make a conscious effort to behave non-prejudice, or have non-bias beliefs. However, that does not mean that they still don’t harbor prejudicial attitudes. In a trial setting aversive racism and race salience, or racially charged vs. racially neutral, go hand and hand. Studies have concluded, a trial that is racially charged reminds jurors of their egalitarianism, but in a trial not racially charged a jurors’ motivation to avoid being prejudice is not triggered; instead they demonstrate their racial bias (Sommers Ellsworth, 2001). It is the run of the mill trials where juror biases are displayed. White jurors need to be â€Å"reminded† that they should not have a bias. By â€Å"reminding† them, by a racially motivated incident, jury voir dire, jury instructions before deliberation, and others, White jurors are less likely to demonstrate racial bias towards an African-American defendant. Jury composition or heterogeneity vs. homogeneity groups, is theorized to be a huge factor in overall group decision-making skills. This is especially important in the jury decision-making process and verdicts because minorities are underrepresented on a jury. Sommers’s study â€Å"Racial Diversity and Group Decision Making† (2006) concluded, a jury, which has heterogeneity, rather than homogeneity considers a wider range of perspectives and information (Sommers, 2006). It was the diversity of the group influence on the White juror more than the performance of the African-American juror in the group (Sommers, 2006). This is not to say that the African-American juror did not perform well. Since many juries are not racially diverse, Whites on a jury may forget their egalitarian values, may not consider a wider range of perspectives and information, and will spend less time on their decisions. In-group bias is when people show a strong preference for fellow in-group members and tend to malign out-group members (Sommers Ellsworth, 2000). Thomas Pettigrew, current Research Professor of Social Psychology at the University of California, in his 1979 study demonstrated that negative behaviors of in-group members were attributed to situational forces but negative behaviors of out-group members were attributed to inherent dispositions, which is the opposite from positive behavior attribution (Sommers Ellsworth, 2000). This is a particularly important theory because juries for criminal trials are taking in facts pertaining to the negative behavior of a defendant who is either from their in-group or out-group. Systematic information processing is conceptualized as â€Å"Comprehensive analytic orientation to inform processing in which perceivers access and scrutinize a great deal of information for its relevance to their judgment task† (Tamborini et al. , 2007) Heuristic processing is conceptualized as â€Å"A more limited mode of information processing that requires less cognitive effort and fewer cognitive resources than systematic processing† (Tamborini et al. , 2007) Simple stated, heuristic information processing are shortcuts using previous knowledge and stereotypes, which influences peoples’ judgments. During a trial, jurors take in enormous amounts of information and when deliberating they tend to fill in the missing information with past experiences or stereotypes about certain crimes and criminals. This is not their intention, however it is how people cognitively process information-we put information into or take it out of certain categories. There are three main research methods used to study race and its effects on juries (Sommers Ellsworth, 2003). Archival analysis of actual cases is ideal but there are a lot of confounding variables, which are hard to measure and control statistically (Sommers Ellsworth, 2003). Another method used is post-trial juror interviews. This method is useful because you are asking direct questions of the jurors, who were part of the real trials. However, it is time consuming, has a small sample size, and relies on self-reporting by jurors (which in unreliable) (Sommers Ellsworth, 2003). The third method is mock juror experiments, which relies on the experimental method of social psychology and allows the experimenters to control the confounding variables (Sommers Ellsworth, 2003). There are some downfalls to using mock juror experiments as well, such as using college students as participants, written trial summaries, instead of witnessing a real trial, and the decision made by mock jurors have no real consequences (Sommers Ellsworth, 2003). According to Sommers and Ellsworth (2003) it is best to use multiple methods. For example compare archival data to mock jury data. As I stated earlier, aversive racism and race salience (racially charged vs. racially neutral) in trials go hand and hand. Sommers and Ellsworth (both social psychologists) first studied race salience in their study, â€Å"Race in he Courtroom: Perceptions of Guilt and Dispositional Attributions† (2000). Since the theory of aversive racism (modern or subtle) states, Whites are more motivated to â€Å"appear† non-prejudice when racial issues are salient or prominent. They found that when a trial involves race salience the race of the defendant did not influence the White jurors (Sommers Ellsworth, 2000). However, when a trail did not have race salience, the African-American defendants were found to be more guilty, aggressive, and violent by the White juror then the White defendant. This could have a profound effect, since Whites are not caught up in the day to day of racial issues, they may not take notice to the most subliminal racial issues in a trial. It may cause them to revert back to the more overt form of racism without even consciously knowing they are being racist or displaying their biases. A more recent study, â€Å"Diversity and Fairness in the Jury System†, conducted for the Ministry of Justice Research Series, by Thomas and Blamer (2007) concluded when a trial is racially charged (race salience), conviction rates for African-American defendants were lower. However, the conviction rate between White jurors and African-American jurors for African-American defendants were no different (Thomas Balmer, 2007) (44% and 43%). In trials that were racially neutral, White jurors had low conviction rates for African-American defendants, while African-American jurors had high conviction rates for White defendants and low conviction rates for African-American defendants (Thomas Balmer, 2007). This was a very interesting finding because in the Sommers and Ellsworth studies (2000, 2001) African-American jurors showed leniency both in race salience and non-race salience trials. Thomas and Balmer (2007) point out that in the Sommers and Ellsworth study that jurors did not decide cases as part of a jury with any deliberations (Thomas Balmer, 2007). The results in the Thomas and Blamer study showed that individual jurors had difference conviction rates, but as a jury there was no difference between race salience and non-race salience trails (Thomas Blamer, 2007). None of the juries (there were 8 in all) in the Thomas and Blamer (2007) study convinced the White defendant, The juries in England and Wales where this study took place have the same makeup as juries in the United States, majority White (Thomas Balmer, 2007). That makes a nice segway into my next theory of jury composition because it appears that they dynamic of a racially mixed jury helped ensure individual biases were not allowed to dictate verdicts (Thomas Balmer, 2007). Justice Thurgood Marshall said, â€Å"Diverse juries enjoy wider ranging discussions because White and Black jurors bring different experiences and perspectives to the jury room† (Sommers, 2006). Not only do African-American jurors bring different experiences but also, as we saw in the Thomas and Balmer (2007) study a racially mixed jury might help to ensure individual biases are not allowed to dictate verdicts. Again, referring to a study by Sommers (the leading researcher in this field) in which he specifically studies â€Å"The multiple effects of racial composition on jury deliberations† (Sommers, 2006). Having African-Americans (or minorities in general) on a jury can bring two different types of diversity-deep-level diversity and surface-level diversity (Sommers, 2007). Both can affect information exchange in different ways. Deep-level diversity brings the expertise, attitudes, and values of the individual members to the deliberation room (Sommers, 2007). Surface-level diversity brings members’ demographics and social category membership into the deliberation room (Sommers, 2007). Sommers’ (2006) found diverse groups spent more time deliberating, made fewer factual errors, and if there was an error it was more likely to be corrected, more open-mindness, and less resistance to discussions of controversial race topics (Sommers, 2006). The homogenous jury was the opposite (Sommers, 2006). Those results showed the affect deep-level diversity could bring to a jury. However, another aspect, which will bring me back to the theory of aversive racism and race salience, is the affect having diversity has on a White juror. By having a racially diverse jury, the White jurors have the issue of race and egalitarian values in the forefront of their minds. The White jurors are avoiding seeming bias. Sommers et al. , (2008) conducted a study to see if there are â€Å"Cognitive effects of racial diversity in a group. † The study found that Whites in a diverse group process information more thoroughly. They had no interaction with a diverse group member, it was simply being aware of a diverse group composition, which impacted the cognition of White members. It even improved reading comprehension of race-relevant passages, especially when Whites expected to have race-relevant conversation. This is important in a legal context as well. If a White juror’s cognitive ability, and information processing is improved they will use systematic processing which is â€Å"A comprehensive, analytic orientation to information processing in which perceivers access and scrutinize a great deal of information for its relevance to their judgment task†, instead of heuristics processing or shortcuts in their decision making (Tamborini et al. 2007). The Supreme Court attempted to make juries more racially diverse â€Å"Batson prohibition against race-based peremptories was based on two assumptions: (1) a prospective juror’s race can bias a jury selection judgments; (2) requiring attorneys to justify suspicious peremptories enables judges to determine whether a challenge is, indeed, race-neutral† (Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U. S. 79 (1986). To summarize the findings, White jurors tend to show their bias towards African-American defendants when the trial is not racially charged because they are not motivated to conceal their bias (aversive racism and egalitarian views). In homogenous juries Whites are more like to be bias, spend less time on their decisions, make more errors, consider fewer perspectives, are not motivated to conceal their bias. Also, when there is information overload jurors use heuristics (shortcuts) to process information, rather than a systematic review of the information. Tis effect, of using shortcuts, produces bias judgment for both African-American jurors and White jurors. All the aforementioned could be cause for the bias decision making of jurors and juries. However, there are positives that can be found throughout these studies. For instance, racially diverse juries, and race salience trials can help alleviate the biases by jurors and juries. It also proves that not all White juries are affected by the race of a defendant (in certain situations). Race and its effect on jury decisions is a topic that will be studied for years to come because of the complex nature of a jury and modern racism. Although studies have shown bias decision-making by White jurors there is still not enough statistics to make a causal connection. Research has also shown ways in which a jury’s bias can be minimized. The jury is one of the backbones of the court system, because of this, it is imperative that we continue to study juror bias and how to minimize their bias through different trial techniques and policies and procedures.

Mrs Mallards Experience of Freedom in The Story of an Hour by Kate Cho

Mrs Mallard's Experience of Freedom in The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin In "The Story of an Hour", Mrs Mallard, who has a heart attack is the main protagonist. Like any ordinary women, she is a normal housewife who depends on her husband. The news of her husband's death gives her freedom and sets her free from restraints, marriage and a lifetime of dependency. Kate Chopin uses several techniques to create the image of how freedom affects Mrs Mallard. At first, Mrs Mallard is shocked by the news which is shown in "She wept at once, with sudden, wild abandonment, in her sister's arms." and "When the storm of grief had spent itself she went away to her room alone." These describe her immediate response and tell that she is so shaken by the news that she weeps at once and goes away alone. Chopin uses some special diction like "sudden", "wild abandonment" and "storm of grief" to indicate that the news is very abrupt and unsettling. These words create an unexpected and tense atmosphere which helps to plot the unpredictable emotions of Mrs Mallard. Meanwhile, Chopin uses personification to say that the news is a sudden attack to Mrs Mallard which strengthens the shocking emotion of Mrs Mallard. This can also be found in "She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her..." This says that Mrs Mallard is so confused and jolted that she sobs helplessly as Chopin uses "motionless" and "sob" which is a physical manifestation of an emotion to tell that Mrs Mallard is stunned and feeling disbelieving. Concurrently, Chopin use... ...s Mallard is now really enjoys life which is reinforces in "Feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory." as it suggests that Mrs Mallard is stimulated and is being confident and proud by the trophy. Here, Chopin uses fascination diction "feverish triumph" and a simile" like a goddess of victory" to reflect Mrs Mallard's emotion which create a very strong image of exultant which shows that she becomes optimistic to life and proud or even pride of herself. Chopin plots this to contrast to the ending "She had died of heart disease-- of joy that kills." which makes a dramatic ending and marks the climax of the story. Works Cited: Chopin, Kate. ?The Story of an Hour.? From Roberts and Jacobs' Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. Sixth Edition, p. 392.

Poetry Is Key Essay

I interview Amani because she is a teenager guided by mentorship. She revealed to me how being mentored by positive, loving, and caring people has changed who she is as a person. She said â€Å"I see a big change in myself. It’s like my whole life I’ve been so angry and upset, and it was all because I was being misguided and I didn’t have the chance to become who I am now. † This interview helped me because It kind of showed me what type of response I should be getting from the kids in my program. It is simply a calibration of how the kids that decide to participate in my mentorship program should react. Frohman, Denice. â€Å"Denice Frohman – â€Å"Gangsta Poetry†Ã¢â‚¬  YouTube. YouTube, 16 June 2009. Web. 05 Dec. 2013. This video is a video of a youth poetry mentor for PYPM (Philadelphia Youth Poetry Movement) who also participated in the Unliter Us Campaign. In this poem she speaks about differ writing tools (metaphors, similes, personification, etc) and different types of poems (haiku, slam, etc). She also talks about motivating the youth to get involved in poetry and imagination. This poem will help me because It is not only an introduction to different types of poetry and all types of writing tools but it’s in a cool poem that, to me, will make the kids want to know more and be less reluctant to participate in my program. Howard, Zora. â€Å"Zora Howard Mama (lyrics). † YouTube. YouTube, 04 Mar. 2011. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. This is a video by a youth slam poet alumni named Zora Howard who is now on a traveling adult poetry group called Strivers Row. This video is of a poem she performed. The poem is in letter form so it starts out saying, â€Å"Dear Son,†. Evidently, she is talking to her son in the letter. Her son is in the army and she’s writing him on his birthday just reminiscing about all the things they used to talk about and do before he was drafted into the army. This poem will help me because performance wasn’t at a competition so the tension is low and she’s just releasing. Although, from my knowledge, the poem is just not real fact for her, it still tells a story in it. It will show the kids how to turn a poem from a regular free  form poem into a letter or a story. James, Cliche M. â€Å"Who Need’s Mentorship. † Personal interview. 27 Jan. 2013. I interview the mom of a boy who had never had any form of mentorship to ask her if she thought that mentorship was important and who did she think that it was for. She said that she thinks that it is a difference between â€Å"needing† mentorship and â€Å"wanting† it. She feels as though kids who going down the wrong road in life or kids who just have pain in there life that is hard to let go of should have mentorship. This interview helped me with my research because it, for the most part, proved to me that I made the right choice in targeting kids who have some pain in them, kids that practically have nothing to look forward to because of the situation that their parents are in. James, Nasir. â€Å"The Importance of Mentorship. † Personal interview. 27 Jan. 2013. I interview my nephew, a 15 year old boy who has had mentorship every super since he was 12. I asked him what the importance of mentorship was. At first he was a little reluctant because he though that he didn’t get much out of it but when I began to ask him other questions to break it down. Questions like was there anything about his personality that changed because of the interaction with someone who you could put your trust in and things like that. He ultimately said that after 3 years of being in contact with his mentors, he has seen a difference in who he is and that being with them, he now knows what kind of man he wants to be. He also said that if he didn’t have mentors, he would still have become a good person it would have taken a bit longer. This interview was important because I wanted to know how younger teens felt about mentorship because if they didn’t care, then there would be no purpose of me doing it in the long run because it wouldn’t have changed anything. Lissaint / Strivers Row, Carvens. â€Å"†Praise† by Carvens Lissaint. † YouTube. YouTube, 02 Feb. 2011. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. This is another video of a youth poet alumni from New York city. He is another member of the poetry group called strivers row and in his younger years, he was on the NYC poetry team that went to the nation wide poetry competition BNV (Brave New Voices) which  premiered on HBO in 2006. This poem is about poetry and every sense that plays a part in writing and speaking poetry. I think that this will help me because I know that a lot of people have a single story about poetry. A lot of people don’t really know what it cane be and in this poem, the poet Carvens Lissaint, touches in on all of that . Mans, Jasmine. â€Å"Michelle Obama by Jasmine Mans. † YouTube. YouTube, 25 Oct. 2010. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. This is a video of yet another strivers row poet. Jasmine Mans was on the NYC team in 2006. This is a video of a poem she recorded called Michelle Obama. This poem is about how first lady Michelle Obama inspires young black women to be great and do great things. It tells them that because she did it, that they can. I think that this will be a good video to use in my program because when I visited the shelter, there was a significant number of girls and I think that showing them this will help them find confidence. Perrin, Brianna. â€Å"The Importance of Mentorship. † Personal interview. 30 Jan. 2013. I interview a senior named Brianna Perrin about her experience with mentorship and community service to get a better understanding of how she felt about it afterward. I also got a chance to find out what she took from the experience as a person who had been mentored and decided to pass it on. I think that this interview was very helpful and very successful. It gave me a perspective of a person who had the same urge as I had. She expressed to me that to her it was more than just helping others and I feel the same way. Going to the shelter is about more than helping others its also a branch of growth for myself. â€Å"Poetic Devices. † Poetic Devices. N. p. , n. d. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. This is a link to a list of poetic devices. This link will be useful because I know that even I don’t know so It’ll help me and help the kids at the program. â€Å"Poetry. † Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 30 Jan. 2013. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. I decided to use this link because some people think that poetry is only one thing, when in all actuality, poetry can be many things. This will be helpful because it will give a mor formal introduction than me saying this is was a metaphor is. It will actually explain to them what things are and how they should be used. I also think that this will show the kids the overall brand of poetry so that they know that poetry can be almost anything. This will be just an outline for what I want the kids to take from this program come April or May. Shearlds, Khalil. â€Å"Mentorship. † Personal interview. 7 Jan. 2013. This is the Manager, Center for Parenting & Early Childhood Education at the People’s Emergency Center. I interviewed him about the importance of mentorship and who needs it. This interview was important for me to do because this is what he does on a day to day basis. He mentors kids to show them where they can go and to let them know that they don’t have to stay planted in a place where they aren’t happy just because someone put them there. This will be important in the long run because, not that I already didn’t know, i will always know my mission. â€Å"What Is Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy? † What Is Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy? N. p. , 05 Apr. 2007. Web. 04 Jan. 2013. This is a link to the definition of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. I was talking to someone about my capstone and they told me that my whole idea fell along the lines of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. When I looked it up it actually told me a lot about myself and why poetry seemed to work for me. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is a psychotherapeutic approach that is directed toward dysfunctional emotions, maladaptive behaviors and cognitive processes. It’s basically disturbances of your feelings triggered by the things and stresses that you go through. This helped me because it told me almost exactly what these kids are going through inside. Young, B. â€Å"I Am A Queen – Urban Word NYC – BNV Semis 2008. † YouTube. YouTube, 24 July 2008. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. I decided to use this video of a New York City Poet B. Young. This poem was about his theory of why he would want to be a queen in the game of chess because it’s not about being the protected, he thinks that the protecter is the most important. I decided to use this video because I think it is a good perspective for young men to A realize how important a Queen/girl is and B to understand that being the protected or being the person who everyone who is always being looked after isn’t always who you want to be, sometimes you want to be apart of something bigger. Z. , Sharvon. â€Å"Philly Youth Poetry Movement. † Philly Youth Poetry Movement RSS 20. N. p. , 01 Feb. 2013. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. This is the website for PYPM or Philadelphia Youth Poetry Movement. This is the where I got my mentoring from so not to incorporate and utilize this source would be foolish of me. This website will give me the latest updates on the PYPM team, there videos and events that I could possibly invite my teens to. I can use the videos posted on the website and some of the ideas from poetry workshops to use during my program.

Essay On Political Parties In India Essay

Posted in National Issues of India by Vijay Jaiswal On August 29, 2013. No comments In a modern democratic political system of India, with governments based on Parliamentary model, political parties are central to the working of the political system. Political parties in Indian Democracy grow up the as spokesman of organized interests. Thus a Political party system in India is an organization of like minded people based together either to preserve and promote group interests or to promote a particular ideology. Usually every party seeks to promote some particular interest and ideology. The political party constantly seeks to capture governmental powers to secure its ends. In a democracy, the party gets into power through elections. In a Parliamentary system such of India, the political party winning the majority of seats in the Lower House of the Parliament forms the Government, while the Party or Parties failing to get the majority constitutes the opposition. Thus the Parliamentary government is always a Party government. It may be the government of a single party or it may be the government of a coalition of parties. The nature of political party system in India was characterized by Morris Jhones as a dominant one party system. It means that India basically has a multi-party system but one among the many parties is dominant party and monopolizes governmental power. Since independence up to the 4th general election in 1947 this was precisely the picture. The Congress party was in power during all the twenty years from 1947-67 both at the centre and in the states with a brief exception in Kerala in 1958. The 1967 elections saw the fall of the Congress monopoly in several states where unstable coalitions were established. The sixth General Election in 1977 witnessed the fall of the Congress at the centre. The Janata Government was established. But the Janata experiment soon failed. For Janata was in reality an unstable coalition. The Congress gained back its power in 1980. Then there was a B.J.P. coalition government at the centre and in few states. On the basis of their influence and aspirations, parties in India fall into two categories: All India politicalparties and regional political parties. Thus the Congress (I) or the Jananta Dal or the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) – are truly All India parties having some sort of influence throughout India and having All India aspirations. There are some other political parties which are professedly All India parties but their influence is limited to particular regions. They may be classed us regional parties with All India aspirations. The Communist Party of India (Marxist), the Communist Party of India, the Forward Block, the Revolutionary Socialist Party (R.S.P) etc. fall into this category. The influence of the C.P.I. (M) for example is concentrated in West Bengal, Kerala and Tripura. The regional political parties are those which are frankly regional in their aspirations emphasizing their ethnic or linguistic identities. The D.M.K. or the A.I.A.D.M.K. in Tamil Nadu, the Telugu Desham in Andhra, and the A.G.P. in Assam or the National Conference in Jammu and Kashmir fall into this category. There are also some frankly communal parties like the Shib Sena emphasizing their religious identity. On the basis of ideology, Indian parties may be classified into conservative, liberal democratic and revolutionary parties. The B.J.P. for example is a conservative party. The Janata Dal and the Congress are liberal democratic parties. The Communist Parties, the Revolutionary Socialist Party etc. are revolutionary parties seeking restructuring of the society along Marxian Lines, while the B.J.P. may be said to occupy the extreme right position in the political spectrum, the Congress, the Janata Dal stand at the centre while the Communist Parties and  the R.S.P. occupy the extreme left position.

Problems of sacagawea essays

Problems of sacagawea essays The many hardships faced by a young Shoshone woman plays a significant part in the discovery of what we call America. Unfortunately, much of this was not realized until long after her death. The problems and frustrations Sacagawea had endured all through her life only contributed to her courage and strength, this was proven many times on the expedition of Lewis and Clark. She was born approximately in 1788, into an Indian village of the Shoshone tribe. Sacagawea lived for the first twelve years of her life with this tribe in the Rocky Mountains region in Idaho. Around this time the most important hardship in her life occurred, for if it didnt Sacagawea couldnt have played an important role in Americas Discovery. She was kidnapped by the Hidatsa Indians, enemies of the Shoshone. The enemies armed with guns, easily overtook the Shoshone and killed many of her people. Sadly, the fact that she was a young Indian girl implied in itself that she faced many frustrations. To begin, all women of that era had little or no freedoms at all. She and other females in her home village received special beatings only given to girls. She did many hard jobs young boys of her age didnt do. Some of the tasks she preformed were; collecting berries and other fruits, finding roots, tending to the horses, cooking, making fires, dressing the skins that made the clothing, making the clothing, collecting wood, and packing items on horses for long trips. As a girl matured, the derogatory name squaw was given to her, basically it meant prostitute to Indians and white men as well. To their husbands they thought of wives (having more than one) as a mere slave and trade, prostituting them off in exchange for goods. This is a perfect example of why Sacagawea did not try to return to her village when she was kidnapped. Being a slave in the Hidatsa village, she was gambled off to a French fur trader living with them at ...

Definition and Examples of Dialect in Linguistics

Definition and Examples of Dialect in Linguistics A dialect is a regional or social variety of a language distinguished by pronunciation, grammar, and/or vocabulary. Adjective: dialectal. The term dialect is often used to characterize a way of speaking that differs from the standard variety of the language. Nonetheless, as David Crystal explains below, Everyone speaks a dialect. The scientific study of dialects is known as dialectology, commonly regarded as a subfield of sociolinguistics. Dialect comes from the Greek, speech. Example of Dialect A dialect is a variety of English which is associated with a particular region and/or social class. To state the obvious, speakers from different geographical regions speak English rather differently: hence we refer to Geordie (Newcastle English), New York English or Cornish English.  In addition to geographical variation, the social background of a speaker will also influence the variety of English that person speaks: two children may grow up in the same Yorkshire village, but if one is born into a wealthy family and attends an expensive private school, while the other is born into a less well-off family and attends the local state school, the two are likely to end up speaking rather different varieties of English. It is this combination of regional and social variation that I refer to collectively as dialect. (Jane Hodson,  Dialect in Film and Literature. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014) Differences Between a Language and a Dialect The very fact that language and dialect persist as separate concepts implies that  linguists  can make tidy distinctions for speech varieties worldwide. But in fact, there is no objective difference between the two: Any attempt you make to impose that kind of order on reality falls apart in the face of real evidence... English tempts one with a tidy dialect-language distinction based on intelligibility: If you can understand it without training, it’s a dialect of your own language; if you can’t, it’s a different language.  But because of quirks of its history, English happens to lack very close relatives, and the intelligibility standard doesn’t apply consistently beyond it... In popular usage, a language is written in addition to being spoken, while a dialect is just spoken. But in the scientific sense, the world is buzzing with a cacophony of qualitatively equal dialects, often shading into one another like colors (and often mixing, too), all demon strating how magnificently complicated human speech can be. If either the terms language or dialect have any objective use, the best anyone can do is to say that there is no such thing as a language: Dialects are all there is. (John McWhorter, What’s a Language, Anyway?  The Atlantic, January 2016) On Dialects It is sometimes thought that only a few people speak regional dialects. Many restrict the term to rural forms of speechas when they say that dialects are dying out these days. But dialects are not dying out. Country dialects are not as widespread as they once were, indeed, but urban dialects are now on the increase, as cities grow and large numbers of immigrants take up residence... Some people think of dialects as sub-standard varieties of a language, spoken only by low-status groupsillustrated by such comments as He speaks correct English, without a trace of dialect. Comments of this kind fail to recognize that standard English is as much a dialect as any other varietythough a dialect of a rather special kind because it is one to which society has given extra prestige. Everyone speaks a dialect- whether urban or rural, standard or non-standard, upper class or lower class. (David Crystal, How Language Works. Overlook, 2006) On Regional and Social Dialects The classic example of a dialect is the regional dialect: the distinct form of a language spoken in a certain geographical area. For example, we might speak of Ozark dialects or Appalachian dialects, on the grounds that inhabitants of these regions have certain distinct linguistic features that differentiate them from speakers of other forms of English. We can also speak of a social dialect: the distinct form of a language spoken by members of a specific socioeconomic class, such as the working-class dialects in England. (A. Akmajian, Linguistics. MIT Press, 2001) Differences Between a Dialect and an Accent Accents have to be distinguished from dialects. An accent is a persons distinctive pronunciation. A dialect is a much broader notion: it refers to the distinctive vocabulary and grammar of someones use of language. If you say eether and I say iyther, thats accent. We use the same word but pronounce it differently. But if you say Ive got a new dustbin and I say Ive gotten a new garbage can, thats dialect. Were using different word and sentence patterns to talk about the same thing. (Ben Crystal and David Crystal, You Say Potato: A Book About Accents. Macmillan, 2014) On Prestige Dialects in New York City In the earlier history of New York City, New England influence and New England immigration preceded the influx of Europeans. The prestige dialect which is reflected in the speech of cultivated Atlas informants shows heavy borrowings from eastern New England.  There has been a long-standing tendency for New Yorkers to borrow prestige dialects from other regions, rather than develop a prestige dialect of their own. In the current situation, we see that the New England influence has retreated, and in its place, a new prestige dialect has been borrowed from northern and midwestern speech patterns. We have seen that for most of our informants, the effort to escape identification as a New Yorker by ones own speech provides a motivating force for phonological shifts and changes. (William Labov, The Social Stratification of English in New York City, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2006 On Dialect in Writing Do not attempt to use dialect [when writing] unless you are a devoted student of the tongue you hope to reproduce. If you use dialect, be consistent... The best dialect writers, by and large, are economical of their talents, they use the minimum, not the maximum, of deviation from the norm, thus sparing the reader as well as convincing him. (William Strunk, Jr. and E.B. White, The Elements of Style, 3rd ed. Macmillan, 1979)

Analysis of Carphone Warehouse Financial Statements Essay

Analysis of Carphone Warehouse Financial Statements - Essay Example mobile services into one single media delivery chain facilitated by the expansion of high speed wireless internet and broadband services worldwide (Pricewaterhousecoopers, 2006). This new economic era changed many industries since it pushed the demand for products for high tech product such as mobile telephones up since mobile technology became a part of the new integrated supply chain of high tech products. In the United Kingdom a major player in the communication services industry is The Carphone Warehouse Group. The emphasis of this report is to analyze the financial position, performance and prospects of this firm as well as providing a brief analysis of the accounting standards that Carphone Warehouse utilizes in its presentation its financial reports. Carphone Warehouse is the biggest player in the European market in the independent retailing of mobile phones and related services with over 2,200 retail stores across 11 countries (Carphone, 2007). The United Kingdom company established its operation in 1989 whose founder Charles Jones envision a firm that had the potential of dominating the European market with the implementation of a organic growth model. The organic growth business model is a business or economic philosophy that emphasis on steady constant growth over a prolonged period of time (Moore, 2006). An example of a booming economy that utilized this model to reach constant 10% economic growth for multiple decades is the Chinese economy. Carphone Warehouse transformed from a small mobile retailer 18 years ago, to a multinational giant in the telecommunication industry that obtain annual sales of 3.99 billion pounds in 2006 (Annual Report: Carphone, 2006). The company’s strategic focus includes a continued market share growth, value added services, building lifetime customer relationship and increasing productivity and profitability (Carphone, 2007). The mobile services industry generated global revenues of approximately 3.32 trillion dollars

The Crusades Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Crusades - Essay Example Origins of the crusades. There are many origins of the Crusades. The Crusades movement is a series of religious wars. The Popes wrote encyclicals and gave orations for the necessity to implement the crusades as Christianity’s antidote to the Turks and other Muslim invaders1. In 1464, Pope Pius personally went to Ancona to lead the Crusade’s attempts to retain Constantinople from the Muslims. Pope Pius died from the plague while waiting for the crusade army to arrive2. The Pope and the Catholic Church approved the Crusades’ war strategy. The main goal of the crusades was to get back access to the holy places. The Crusades had political influence over a significant part of Europe, the Western sector. The Crusades’ soldiers made a solemn vow to the Pope that they will fight for the Cross of Christ. Consequently, the Pope gave each soldier a cross. The cross symbolized the soldier as a soldier of the Church. In 1280, to ensure Muslim success over the crusade a rmies, Kalavun, the Muslim leader, took advantage of petty disagreements between the different Crusade armies within Jerusalem. Those in Acre supported King Charles and those in Tyre supported King Hugh of Cyprus. Kalavun entered into different treaties with different cities. Kalavun was counting on the factionalism to fit the different parts of the kingdom against one another3. The Ottoman Turks focused their war on the doorsteps of the European countries. Previously, the crusades focused on recovering the Holy Land from the Muslim invaders. During the 1370s, European Christians had to fight the Ottoman Turks who were invading the European nations. The theme was refocused from the Holy Land to reducing the continuing spread of the Muslim faith in Europe. In 1354, the Turks occupied Gallipoli and started entering Europe. In 1361, the Ottoman Turks conquered several European areas, including Bulgaria and most of Greece. The Crusades had economic influence over several parts of Europe , the Western sector4. The best-funded Crusade was the Crusade of St. Louis5. The Christian pilgrims were being persecuted by the Muslims on their way to Jerusalem. With the Christian lands being gobbled up by the Muslims, the economic power of the Pope was also reduced. To recover its former economic power, the Pope, especially Pope Urban II, launched the Crusades to recover the lands from the Muslim invaders. Maalouf insists the Crusades were a drain on the Christian nation’s coffers. Money was needed to pay for the war to proceed6. Pope Urban II made a strong appeal to all Christian rulers in Europe to launch attacks against the Muslim armies. The Pope admonished the Muslim infidels’ desecration of the Holy Land, especially Jerusalem. The Pope described the horrific atrocities and damages of the Muslim infidels plundering of the Holy Land and attacks on the innocent Christian pilgrims going to Jerusalem. In 1368, King Peter tried to raise another Crusade. When King Peter returned to Cyprus, the local barons were mad at the huge amount of money spent on Peter’s crusade. Peter was finally assassinated during his sleep. The people of Europe decried the treachery of the Cyprus traitors and mourned the loss of their crusade’s King7. When King Louis, the Crusade leader, was captured by the Muslim armies, Turan-Shah, a Muslim leader, released the hostages in exchange for 800,000 bezants. In addition, the Crusade armies had to surrender Damietta to the Muslim rulers. The French paid 400,000 bezants to Mamluks for the release of King Louis8. The Crusades had social influence over many parts of Europe, the Western sector. The people rallied to the Crusades. The Christian people